A Dutch Appeal court in the Hague, on Friday, ordered the Nigerian branch of Shell to compensate four farmers for damage to their land caused by leaks in 2004 and 2005.
Milieudefensie, the Dutch branch of Friends of The Earth, brought the lawsuit in 2008 on behalf of four Nigerian farmers.
The case revolved around the spills from underground oil pipelines.
According to the plaintiffs, their villages have become virtually unfit to live due to the spills. They claimed the polluted soil became unusable and fishing grounds were lost, causing them to lose their income.
Shell said that the spills are the result of sabotage and that the company is therefore not liable for them.
The company also argued that the pollution is always cleaned up properly, while the farmers say that hardly anything ends up in practice.
Milieudefensie argued that pipelines are often outdated, and that Shell is doing too little to prevent sabotage.
At first instance, in 2013, one of the farmers was proved right by the court.
The Hague District Court ordered Shell Nigeria to compensate him for making it too easy for saboteurs to open a well head that leaked onto his land. However, the court cleared Shell of blame in pollution of the other three farmers’ land and ruled that Shell’s Dutch parent company could not be held liable.
Both sides appealed, and judges ruled in 2015 that Shell could be held to account in Dutch courts for its actions in Nigeria. The judges also ordered Shell to give the plaintiffs access to documents that could shed more light on the cause of the leaks and how much Shell management knew about them.
Shell discovered and started exploiting Nigeria’s vast oil reserves in the late 1950s and has faced heavy criticism from activists and local communities over spills and for the company’s close ties to government security forces.
Friends of the Earth lawyers told the court that that leaking pipes are caused by poor maintenance and inadequate security and that Shell does not do enough to clean up spills.
Delivering ruling on Friday, January 29, 2021, the Court of Appeal held Shell’s Nigerian subsidiary liable for two leaks that spewed oil over an area of a total of about 60 football pitches (soccer fields) in two villages, saying that it could not be established “beyond a reasonable doubt” that saboteurs were to blame. Under Nigerian law, which was applied in the Dutch civil case, the company is not liable if the leaks were the result of sabotage.
The court ruled that sabotage was to blame for an oil leak in another village; however, it said that the issue of whether Shell can be held liable “remains open” and the case will be continued as the court wants clarification about the extent of the pollution and whether it still has to be cleaned up.
The court also ruled that Dutch-based mother company Royal Dutch Shell, and its Nigerian subsidiary must fit a leak-detection system to a pipeline that caused one of the spills.
The decision, which can be appealed to the Dutch Supreme Court, is the latest stage in a case that is breaking new legal ground in how far multinationals in the Netherlands can be held responsible for actions of their overseas subsidiaries.
The amount of compensation will be established at a later date.
The four farmers who launched the case – Barizaa Dooh, Elder Friday Alfred Akpan, Chief Fidelis A Oguru-Oruma and Alali Efanga – said the leaks from underground oil pipelines had cost them their livelihoods by contaminating land and waterways. Mr Efanga and Mr Dooh have died since the case was first filed in 2008 so their sons pursued the case instead.
“I’m very happy – the common man in Nigeria now has hope,” Princewill Efanga told the BBC.
James Oguru, son of Chief Oguru, said “justice had prevailed” but urged Shell to “do the necessary” so they could start farming again.
The farmers were backed by environmental group Friends of the Earth.
Friends of the Earth Netherlands director Donald Pols hailed the ruling as a victory for small communities hurt by huge companies.
“Tears of joy here. After 13 years, we’ve won. Up until this morning, Dutch multinationals could act with impunity in developing countries.. and this has changed now.
“From this moment onwards, Dutch multinationals will be held accountable for their activities and their actions in developing countries. And that’s an enormous victory for the rights of law globally,” the Dutch branch of Friends of the Earth tweeted immediately after the decision was read out in court.
Nnimmo Bassey, Director, Health of Mother Earth Foundation (HOMEF), said: “This judgement didn’t come as a surprise to someone of us. The evidence was overwhelming and has refused to disappear even after 13 years. There are some crimes that are hard to hide. Environmental crimes are of that sort. It takes willful blindness to pretend not to see, smell or feel. We are happy that Shell has been told the truth to that they must pay for the extreme harm they have inflicted on the people and the environment.
“It took long, two plaintiffs died, but their struggle has not been in vain. No corporation – private or public – should ever think they can commit Ecocide in the Niger Delta and not be held accountable. It may take long, but judgment day comes. This is one decision by the Dutch Court, others will definitely come.”
Iniruo Wills, President, Homeland Chapter of Ijaw Professionals Association and former Commissioner for Environment in Bayelsa State, said: “This is a most welcome landmark ruling. It is a crying shame that hapless folks and communities have to shop for environmental justice abroad because they can’t find it in Nigeria.
“In addition to litigating specific cases, there is a need for intensive sensitisation of the Nigerian judiciary and the regulatory system (including Federal Ministry/Ministers of Petroleum and Environment) to demonstrate a sense of urgency, duty and commitment – shamefully lacking for over 60 years till date – to environmental justice for communities whose existence is threatened by the continually worsening plague of oil and gas pollution.”
