In a report that examines the ways in which renewable energy demand is expected to increase, Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF) finds that “aggressive decarbonisation” will be required beyond 2030 to meet the temperature goals of the Paris Agreement on climate change.
Focusing on electricity, BNEF’s 2019 New Energy Outlook (NEO) predicts a 62% increase in global power demand, leading to global generating capacity tripling between now and 2050, when wind and solar are expected to make up almost 50% of world electricity due to decreasing costs.
Released on Tuesday, August 13, 2019, the report concludes that coal will collapse everywhere except Asia, and, by 2032, there will be more wind and solar electricity than coal-fired electricity. It forecasts that coal’s role in the global power mix will decrease from 37% today to 12% by 2050 with the virtual elimination of oil as a power-generating source.
Highlighting regional differences, the report finds that:
- Western European economies are already on a strong decarbonisation path due to carbon pricing and strong policy support;
- by 2040, renewables will comprise 90% of the electricity mix in Europe, with wind and solar accounting for 80%;
- the US, with low-priced natural gas, and China, with its coal-fired plants, will transition more slowly; and
- China’s power sector emissions will peak in 2026 and then fall by more than half over the next 20 years, with wind and solar increasing from 8% to 48% of total electricity generation by 2050.
The 2019 report finds that wind and solar now represent the cheapest option for adding new power-generating capacity in much of the world, which is expected to attract $13.3 trillion in new investment. While solar, wind, batteries and other renewables are expected to attract $10 trillion in investment by 2050, the report warns that curbing emissions will require other technologies as well.
Speaking about the report, Matthias Kimmel, NEO 2019 lead analyst, said solar photovoltaic modules, wind turbines and lithium-ion batteries are set to continue on aggressive cost reduction curves of 28%, 14% and 18%, respectively, for every doubling in global installed capacity. He explained that by 2030, energy generated or stored and dispatched by these technologies will undercut electricity generated by existing coal and gas plants.
To achieve this level of transition and decarbonisation, the report stresses, power markets must be reformed to ensure wind, solar and batteries are “properly remunerated for their contributions to the grid.”
Additionally, the 2019 NEO includes several updates such as:
- new scenarios on global warming of 2°C above preindustrial levels, electrified heat and road transport, and an updated coal phase-out scenario;
- new sections on coal and gas power technology, the future grid, energy access, and costs related to decarbonisation technology such as carbon capture and storage (CCS), biogas, hydrogen fuel cells, nuclear and solar thermal;
- sub-national results for China;
- the addition of commercial electric vehicles;
- an expanded air-conditioning analysis; and
- modeling of Brazil, Mexico, Chile, Turkey and Southeast Asia in greater detail.
Every year, the NEO compares the costs of competing energy technologies. The 2019 report brought together 65 market and technology experts from 12 countries to provide their views on how the market might evolve.
By Leila Mead (Thematic Expert for Climate Change & Sustainable Development, SDG Knowledge Hub)
